Understand the main parameters commonly used in aluminum alloy materials in one article
Basic properties of aluminum
Silver-white, can form an oxide film to prevent metal corrosion in humid air, relative density 2.7g/cm3, melting point 660℃, boiling point 2327℃, light, good electrical and thermal conductivity, high reflectivity and oxidation resistance.
02 Related properties of aluminum
① Density. The density of aluminum is very small, only 2.7g/cm. Although it is relatively soft, it can be made into various aluminum alloys, such as hard aluminum, super hard aluminum, rust-proof aluminum, cast aluminum, etc. These aluminum alloys are widely used in manufacturing industries such as aircraft, automobiles, trains, and ships. ② Thermal conductivity. Aluminum is a good conductor of heat. Its thermal conductivity is 3 times greater than that of iron. Aluminum can be used in industry to manufacture various heat exchangers, heat dissipation materials, and cookware. ③ Ductility. It has good ductility (its ductility is second only to gold and silver), and can be made into aluminum foil thinner than 0.01mm at 100℃~150℃. These aluminum foils are widely used to package cigarettes, candies, etc. They can also be made into aluminum wires and aluminum strips, and can be rolled into various aluminum products.
Aluminum alloy shells mostly use 6 series alloys, and the aluminum content is generally above 80%, and most of them are between 85% and 90%. Commonly used aluminum alloy grades Chemical composition table AL1/ Series pure aluminum 1 series pure aluminum, aluminum content is greater than 99%. The lowest aluminum content of this series, such as 1050, has an aluminum content of 99.5%. The production process is relatively simple and the price is relatively cheap. It is currently the most commonly used series in conventional industries. AL-Cu2/ Series aluminum-copper alloy 2 series aluminum alloys represent 2024 and 2A12 (ie LY12). The characteristics of 2 series aluminum plates are high hardness, high strength and good cutting performance, but poor corrosion resistance. Among them, the copper content is the highest, about 3-5%. 2 series aluminum materials belong to aviation aluminum materials and are relatively expensive. AL-Mn3/ Series aluminum-manganese alloy 3 series aluminum alloys represent 3003 and 3A21. The 3 series is mainly composed of manganese. The content is between 1.0-1.5. It is a series with good anti-rust function and is used to process parts and components that require good forming performance, high corrosion resistance and good weldability. AL-Mg5/Aluminum-magnesium alloy 5 series aluminum alloys represent 5052, 5083, and 5A06. The 5 series aluminum belongs to the more commonly used alloy aluminum plate series. The main element is magnesium, and the magnesium content is between 3-5%. It can also be called aluminum-magnesium alloy. The main characteristics are low density, high tensile strength, high elongation, and good fatigue strength, but it cannot be strengthened by heat treatment. The weight of aluminum-magnesium alloy is lower than that of other series under the same area, and it is also widely used in conventional industries. AL-Mg-Si6/Aluminum-magnesium-silicon alloy 6 series aluminum alloys represent 6061, 6063, and 6082, mainly containing two elements: magnesium and silicon. 6 series is a heat-treatable alloy with good formability, weldability, and machinability. It also has medium strength and can maintain good operability after annealing. It is suitable for applications with high requirements for corrosion resistance and oxidation resistance. It has good workability, is easy to coat, and has good machinability. AL-Zn7/ series aluminum-zinc alloy 7 series aluminum alloy representative 7075 mainly contains zinc. It also belongs to the aviation series, is an aluminum-magnesium-zinc-copper alloy, is a heat-treatable alloy, belongs to a super-hard aluminum alloy, has good wear resistance. It also has good weldability, but poor corrosion resistance. Among this series, 7075-T651 aluminum alloy is the best, known as the best product in aluminum alloy, with high strength, far superior to any soft steel. This alloy also has good mechanical properties and anodic reaction. In terms of industrial aluminum profiles, the most widely used materials are 6063 and 6061. These two aluminum alloy materials are the most used in industrial aluminum. 6063 is relatively soft, and has better cutting and processing properties, especially in surface treatment than 6061, so this material should be used for aluminum shells.
Chemical composition of 6063 aluminum alloy Aluminum Al: Residue Silicon Si: 0.20~0.60 Copper Cu: 0.10 Magnesium Mg: 0.45~0.9 Zinc Zn: 0.10 Manganese Mn: 0.10 Titanium Ti: 0.10 Chromium Cr: 0.10 Iron Fe: 0.35 Single: 0.05 Total: 0.15.02 The hardness of 6063 aluminum alloy is between 8-12HW, the tensile strength is ≥205mpa, the elongation stress is ≥170mpa, and the elongation is ≥7%. .036063 Aluminum alloy profile features precise dimensions and high strength. After oxidation coloring and spraying surface treatment, the appearance is smooth, beautiful, elegant, comfortable, and has good corrosion resistance. Profile wall thickness: in accordance with GB5237.1~5237.6-2004, GB/T6892 standards Performance indicators: in accordance with GB5237.1~5237.6-2004, GB/T6892 standards.
Aluminum alloy shell classification parameters
01 Adapter aluminum shell has played an obvious role in reducing consumer costs, saving social resources, and reducing electronic waste. However, some problems have also arisen in the specific implementation of this standard. For example, some adapter shells do not support USB charging. Forcibly implementing this standard will cause damage to the voltage regulator and a decrease in the connection rate during charging.
02The aluminum shell of the power supply is generally made of plastic rubber, which can play an insulating role. At the same time, the quality of the shell is also related to the life safety of consumers. A good quality shell can play an insulating and waterproof role, while a poor quality shell will not only affect the normal use of the machine but also endanger the life safety of consumers. So which power shell should be chosen to be safer? The answer must be a shell made of high-quality guaranteed materials.
03The waterproof power shell is mainly made of plastic material through an injection molding machine to produce an aluminum shell. It has a high waterproof function, a tough texture, is not easy to penetrate water, and can better meet the needs of customers.
Common parameters of surface treatment process
01Sandblasting is the process of cleaning and roughening the metal surface by the impact of high-speed sand flow. This method of aluminum surface treatment can make the surface of the workpiece obtain a certain degree of cleanliness and different roughness, so that the mechanical properties of the workpiece surface are improved, thereby improving the fatigue resistance of the workpiece, increasing the adhesion between it and the coating, extending the durability of the coating, and also facilitating the leveling and decoration of the coating.
02Wire drawing is a manufacturing process of repeatedly scraping lines from the aluminum plate with sandpaper. Wire drawing can be divided into straight wire drawing, random wire drawing, spiral wire drawing, and threaded wire drawing. The metal wire drawing process can clearly show every fine wire trace, so that the metal matte has a fine hair luster, and the product has both fashion and technology.
03 Anodizing refers to the electrochemical oxidation of metals or alloys. Aluminum and its alloys form a layer of oxide film on aluminum products (anodes) under the action of an external current in the corresponding electrolyte and specific process conditions. Anodizing can not only solve the defects of aluminum surface hardness and wear resistance, but also extend the service life of aluminum and enhance its beauty. It has become an indispensable part of aluminum surface treatment and is currently the most widely used and very successful process. Anodizing is a common process for aluminum alloy shells, among which high temperature resistance, ultraviolet rays and related parameters of oxide film are important parts.
1) Excellent insulation and heat resistance with high temperature resistance: This is because the thermal conductivity of the anodized film is much lower than that of pure aluminum: the anodized film can withstand temperatures of about 1500℃, while pure aluminum can only withstand 660℃. The difference between anodized and unanodized aluminum alloys is that the outer oxide film in contact with the electrolyte undergoes chemical dissolution. When the rate of oxide formation on the aluminum surface gradually balances the rate of chemical dissolution, the oxide film can reach the maximum thickness under this electrolysis parameter. In sulfuric acid electrolyte, the higher the oxidation temperature, the higher the thermal stability of the obtained film layer. When boric acid or boric acid and glycerol are added to sulfuric acid electrolyte, the oxidation temperature can be increased to 40°C (preferably not higher than 39°C). For this formula, when the temperature is 29°C, the obtained oxide film layer will not crack at 130°C, and when the temperature is 35°C, the heat resistance can reach 150°C or even higher (the film layer test thickness is about 7 microns). If a weak alkaline oxidation process is used, the heat resistance of the film layer is higher than that of sulfuric acid anodized film.
2) In the international standard classification of ultraviolet rays, anodized ultraviolet rays involve surface treatment and plating, non-ferrous metals. The following are the standards of the International Organization for Standardization on anodizing UV:
ISO 6581:2018
Anodizing of aluminum and its alloys - Determination of the light resistance to UV and heat of colored anodized coatings
ISO 6581:2010
Anodizing of aluminum and its alloys - Determination of the UV and heat resistance of colored anodized coatings
ISO 6581:1980Anodizing of aluminum and its alloys - Determination of the UV resistance of colored anodized coatings Aluminum alloys have the advantages of high strength, low density, strong electrical and thermal conductivity, excellent mechanical properties and good machinability. After anodizing, the surface of aluminum and its alloys can obtain a dense film layer that is much thicker than the natural oxide film, which improves the corrosion resistance of the metal surface. Give the metal a natural luster, smooth texture and beauty, while being able to produce a strong coating. Anodized aluminum surface treatment can provide almost any color and can prevent damage from harsh weather conditions and harmful ultraviolet rays.
3) Oxide film a. The anodic oxide film is a two-layer structure. The inner layer is a high-purity aluminum oxide, a dense and thin glass-like film with a thickness of about 0.01~0.05mm and a high hardness; the outer layer is a water-containing aluminum oxide (Al2O3·H2O) film.
b. The oxide film has many pores, which are tapered capillary-shaped, and the pore size increases from the inside to the outside. Therefore, it has good adsorption capacity, is easy to dye into various colors, and enhances the decorative effect; it has strong bonding with the paint and is suitable for coating base; in order to improve the corrosion resistance, it should be sealed.
c. The oxide film is an insulator. When the film thickness is 1μm, the breakdown voltage is 25V; the resistivity of pure aluminum oxide film is 109Ω/cm2.
d. The oxide film has excellent heat resistance, which can be as high as 1500℃, and its thermal conductivity is lower than that of metal.
