Excited energy beam welding technology uses a high-energy density beam (electron beam, laser, plasma, etc.) as a heat source to melt the base metal under the action of vacuum or protective gas to achieve material welding. Compared with traditional welding technology, this high-flow welding technology has the advantages of high energy density, weld depth-to-width ratio, fast welding speed, small thermal deformation of the weldment, and good weld performance. At present, the energy beam welding methods used in welding aluminum, magnesium, manganese and aluminum plates mainly include plasma welding and laser welding.
1. Plasma welding:
A method of welding using a compressed arc (transferred arc) between the tungsten electrode and the workpiece or a compressed arc (non-transferred arc) between the tungsten electrode and the nozzle. The gas is dissociated by arc heating and is compressed when passing through the water-cooled nozzle at high speed, increasing the energy density and degree of dissociation to form a plasma arc. Its stability, calorific value and temperature are higher than those of ordinary arcs, so it has greater penetration force and welding speed. The gas forming the plasma arc and the protective gas surrounding it are generally hydrogen gas. Depending on the material properties of each workpiece, mixed gases such as ammonia, argon nitrogen, and argon hydrogen are also used. This method can achieve defect-free joints when applied to welding aluminum, magnesium, manganese and aluminum plates. However, due to its low welding efficiency, this method can currently only achieve vertical position welding.
2. Laser welding:
Laser welding is a welding method that uses a high-energy-density laser beam as a heat source and focuses the laser to a small point through a lens to form a molten pool. Due to the high energy density of laser, the weld obtained by welding aluminum magnesium and manganese plates can obtain a smaller heat affected zone. During laser welding, due to the heating effect of the laser, part of the base metal is vaporized and generates airflow waves on the surface of the base body, which affects the welding part. Play a cleaning role. At the same time, a small cavity is formed in the middle of the molten pool. When the laser beam moves forward for welding, the melt speed around the concave cavity flows to the cavity. At the same time, due to the effect of surface tension, when the welding gun moves forward for welding at a constant speed, the cavity is continuously Continuously fill in to form a uniform weld.
Laser welding is non-contact welding. It is free from electromagnetic interference, can be performed in the air without pollution, heats up quickly, and has high heating temperature. It can achieve the welding of high melting point substances. In addition, because the laser beam used for welding has good directionality and focus, Convenient and easy to automate, thereby achieving higher production efficiency.
The aluminum-magnesium-manganese aluminum plate uses various sensors such as inductance, capacitance, acoustic wave, photoelectricity, and vision to monitor the welding process through manual, automatic and computer processing methods, and can easily realize weld tracking, defect detection and welding process adjustment. Achieve fully automated production.
